Why Use a Car Seat?
A safety seat can make a significant positive difference to a
childs health in case of an accident. A properly fitted
and installed seat benefits the child passenger by reducing the
force of the crash, increasing the likelihood of surviving the
accident, and reducing the rate of injury. Government statistics
show that when car seats are used properly, they are 71% effective
in reducing deaths for infants in car accidents.
However, statistics also indicate that the rate of misuse is
high.
Dynamics of a Crash
To fully appreciate the need for a safety seat or restraint system,
one needs to understand the amount of force that a person encounters
in a car crash. That force is calculated according to the formula:
weight of person x speed before crash = force of crash in pounds.
Example: child weighing 100 pounds in a car that is traveling
30 miles per hour on impact will receive 3,000 pounds of force.
This is a tremendous amount of weight for the body to absorb in
a fraction of a second.
How Restraint Systems Work
Restraint systems, such as safety seats for children or seat belts
for adults, protect passengers in five ways:
1. Prevent ejection from the vehicle. In the vast majority of
accidents, car occupants are safer inside the car than outside
of it. Though some people fear being trapped in a burning car
or one that is submerged in water, statistics show that less that
half of one percent of car accidents involve fire or water. In
the unlikely situation that such an accident occurs, restraint
systems increase the likelihood that passengers will remain conscious,
uninjured, and more able to escape to safety.
2. Contact the body at the strongest parts of its structure.
Restraint systems are designed to hold the body where it is the
strongest, such as at the shoulders and across the hips.
3. Spread the forces of the crash over a wide area of the body,
which, in turn, puts less stress on any one part.
4. Allow the body to "ride down" the crash or adjust
more gradually to the abrupt change in speed. Passengers in a
car accident continue to move in the vehicle at its pre-crash
speed until they hit something. That "something" can
be a windshield, or it can be the more flexible restraint system.
The safety straps on child restraint systems or seatbelts for
adults are designed with some "give" to them. The "give"
softens the abrupt force of the impact while, at the same time,
the straps hold the passenger in place.
5. Protect head and spinal cord from injury. Head and spinal
injuries are devastating to victims and survivors alike.
Protecting these complex parts of the body is crucial to reducing
injury.
Types of Seats and How to Select One
Given all that is riding on a car seat (excuse the pun), one may
wonder what brand or what features make the safest seat. To find
out what is best for you, consider these three factors: the size
of the child, the seats compatibility with your vehicle,
and what you can afford to spend.
Whatever model you choose, it is essential that the seat be the
proper size for the child. (The Co-op rental program or the manufacturers
instructions can provide this information.)
Make sure that the seat is compatible with the hardware in the
vehicle in which it will be used.
Whether you are renting a seat from the Co-op or purchasing one
from a store, take it out to your vehicle to make sure that it
fits. A car seat that cannot be properly installed is not going
to protect your child. As for cost, the price for car seats ranges
from $25 to $200. But price alone does not dictate safety.
Avoid the use of "after market" products, or add-ons,
such as infant head positioning pads or plastic toys to dangle
in front of the childs face, or a variety of devices designed
to make seat belts fit children. While the packaging may claim
that these products meet federal safety standards, the fact is
that no standards exist! Such items may actually pose a threat
to the childs safety. Rolled towels placed on the side of
a newborns body are a safer alternative than manufactured
positioning pads. Many of the fitting devices raise the lap belt
higher than it should be, increasing the risk of abdominal injuries.
Plastic toys which, on impact, could become sharp objects near
the childs face should be avoided as well.
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